2024年9月29日，國家市場監督管理總局（國家标準化管理委員會）批準發布511項國家标準，其中GB/T 1231-2024《鋼結構用大六角頭螺栓連接副》将于2025年4月1日起實施，全面替代2006年發布的系列相關标準（GB/T 1231-2006、GB/T 1230-2006、GB/T 1229-2006、GB/T 1228-2006等）。與2006版相關标準相比，新标準圍繞規格擴展、材料性能優化、檢測方法創新三大方向進行了系統性調整，具體修訂内容包括：
| 項目 | 2006版系列标準 | GB/T 1231-2024 | 變化說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 規格範圍 | M12~M30 | M12~M36 | 新增M33和M36規格，适應更大尺寸需求。 |
| 材料（10.9S） | 20MnTiB、ML20MnTiB、35VB | 20MnTiB、ML20MnTiB、35VB、42CrMo、ML40CrMo | 新增42CrMo和ML40CrMo材料。 |
| 材料（8.8S） | 35、45、20MnTiB、ML20MnTiB、40Cr、35CrMo、35VB | 35、45、20MnTiB、ML20MnTiB、40Cr、35CrMo、35VB、42CrMo、ML40CrMo | 新增42CrMo和ML40CrMo材料。 |
| 抗拉強度 | 10.9S: 1040 ~ 1240 MPa 8.8S: 830 ~ 1030 MPa | 10.9S: 1040 ~ 1190 MPa 8.8S: 830 ~ 1030 MPa | 10.9S抗拉強度上限從1240 MPa調整為1190 MPa |
| 斷面收縮率 | 10.9S: ≥42% 8.8S: ≥45% | 10.9S: ≥48% 8.8S: ≥52% | 斷面收縮率要求提高 |
| 沖擊吸收功 | 10.9S: ≥47 J 8.8S: ≥63 J | 10.9S: ≥27 J 8.8S: ≥27 J | 沖擊吸收功要求降低，且試驗溫度改為-20°C |
| 芯部硬度 | 10.9S: 312 ~ 367 HV30 (10.9S: 33 ~ 38 HRC) 8.8S: 249 ~ 296 HV30 (8.8S: 24 ~ 31 HRC) | 10.9S: 312 ~ 358 HV30 (10.9S: 33 ~ 38 HRC) 8.8S: 249 ~ 296 HV30 (8.8S: 24 ~ 31 HRC) | 10.9S芯部硬度上限從367 HV30調整為358 HV30 |
| 增碳層 | 無明确要求 | 按GB/T 3098.1規定 | 新增增碳層要求 |
| 35VB材料性能 | 抗拉強度≥785 MPa，斷後伸長率≥12%，斷面收縮率≥45%，沖擊吸收功≥55 J | 抗拉強度≥785 MPa，斷後伸長率≥12%，斷面收縮率≥45%，沖擊吸收功≥50 J | 沖擊吸收功從≥55 J 調整為≥50 J。 |
| 35VB冷頂鍛試驗 | 全尺寸冷頂鍛試驗，不允許有裂口或裂縫 | 1/2冷頂鍛試驗（試樣壓縮至原高度的1/2），不允許有裂口或裂縫 | 簡化試驗流程，但仍确保材料塑性能力。 |
| 增碳層要求 | 無明确規定 | 按GB/T 3098.1規定，新增增碳層深度及測試方法 | 避免螺栓表面增碳導緻的脆性，提升材料性能一緻性。 |
| 沖擊試驗條件 | 缺口類型：U型缺口 試驗溫度：常溫 | 缺口類型：V型缺口 試驗溫度：-20℃ | 調整低溫沖擊性能門檻。 |
| 芯部硬度試驗 | 按GB/T 230.1或GB/T 4340.1規定，如有争議，以維氏硬度（HV30）試驗為仲裁 | 按 GB/T 3098.1 的規定 | 增強測試結果的權威性，減少争議。 |
| 項目 | 2006版系列标準 | GB/T 1231-2024 | 變化說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 規格範圍 | M12~M30 | M12~M36 | 新增M33和M36規格，适應更大尺寸需求。 |
| 材料（10H） | 35、45、ML35、ML45 | 35、45、ML35、ML45、40Cr | 新增ML45、40Cr材料。 |
| 材料（8H） | 35、45、ML35、ML45 | 35、45、ML35、ML45、40Cr | 新增ML45、40Cr材料。 |
| 硬度規定（10H） | 98HRB ~ 32HRC 222 ~ 304 HV30 | 22HRC ~ 32HRC 239 ~ 304 HV30 | 10H硬度下限從222 HV30調整為239 HV30 |
| 螺紋加工要求 | 無熱處理後攻絲的明确規定 | 允許熱處理後攻絲（需供需雙方協議） | 提高加工靈活性，優化高強度螺母的螺紋精度。 |
| 項目 | 2006版系列标準 | GB/T 1231-2024 | 變化說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 規格範圍 | 12mm~30mm | 12mm~36mm | 新增33mm和36mm規格，适應更大尺寸需求。 |
| 材料 | 35、45 | 35、45 | 無變化。 |
| 型式 | 單一型式（内倒角） | 新增“墊圈A”（内、外倒角）和“墊圈B”（僅外倒角） | 區分螺栓頭下和螺母下墊圈的倒角形式，優化裝配接觸面。 |
| 項目 | 2006版系列标準 | GB/T 1231-2024 | 變化說明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 扭矩系數統計指标 | 标準偏差≤0.010 | 變異系數 | 通過變異系數（标準差/均值）衡量離散度，更科學反映批次穩定性。 |
| 扭矩系數相關公式 | 扭矩系數公式 | 扭矩系數 變異系數公式 | 新增變異系數相關計算公式 。 |
| 扭矩系數試驗螺栓預拉力 | （表8）拉力範圍是拉力平均值的0.2倍左右 | （表14）拉力範圍是拉力平均值的0.1倍左右 | 縮減預拉力範圍，提升試驗結果的穩定性和連接可靠性 |
| 扭矩系數試驗轉速要求 | 無具體轉速要求 | 擰緊螺母轉速宜小于5r/min，且速度均勻 | 控制安裝速度，減少摩擦熱對扭矩系數的影響。 |
| 脫碳/增碳試驗檢驗規則 | 無針對脫碳/增碳的專項檢驗規則 | 新增：“按批抽取，樣本 | 确保脫碳、增碳層符合要求，提升表面質量控制。 |
| 标簽内容 | 無标簽要求 | 需包含：本文件編号、規格、表面處理類型、制造者信息、批号、裝箱數量等 | 強化產品追溯信息，滿足質量追溯需求。 |
GB/T 1231-2024通過擴大規格範圍、優化材料性能指标、完善檢測技術方法及強化全流程質量控制等系統性升級，顯著提升了高強螺栓連接副的适配能力和工程可靠性，為現代工程項目提供更加科學規範且靈活多樣的技術支撐。具體實施細則和完整技術條款，請以《GB/T 1231-2024》及《GB/T 1231-2006》等标準文件内容為準。相關產品信息：
GB /T 1231 (bolt) - 2024-鋼結構用高強度大六角頭螺栓- 易緊通
GB /T 1231 (washer) - 2024-鋼結構用高強度墊圈- 易緊通
GB /T 1231 (nut) - 2024-鋼結構用高強度大六角螺母- 易緊通
GB /T 1231 (assemblies) - 2024-鋼結構用高強度大六角頭螺栓連接副- 易緊通
GB /T 1231 (Specifications) - 2024-鋼結構用高強度大六角頭螺栓、 大六角螺母、墊圈技術條件- 易緊通
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