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3. 1 性能等級
3.1.1各類高強度螺栓、内六角圓柱頭螺釘、等長雙頭螺柱的性能等級為8.8、9.8、10.9、12.9 級。
3.1.2各類高強度 螺母的性能等級為8、9、10、12級。
3.1.3各類高強度墊圈的性能等級為300HV。
3. 2 材料
表1 高強度緊固件推薦材料和适用規格
類别 | 性能等級 | 推薦材料 | 材料标準号 | 适用規格 |
螺栓 | 12.9 | 35CrMo | GB 3077 | 所有規格 |
40Cr | ||||
42CrMo | ||||
10.9 | 20MnTiB | GB 3077 | ≤M24 | |
35VB | GB 1231 | ≤M30 | ||
40Cr | GB 3077 | 所有規格 | ||
45 | GB 699 | ≤M22 | ||
9.8 ① 8.8 | 45 | GB 699 | ≤M22 | |
35 | ≤M16 | |||
40Cr、40B | GB 3077 ② | 所有規格 | ||
螺母 | 12 | 35CrMo | GB 3077 |
|
40Cr |
| |||
42CrMo |
| |||
10 | 45，35 | GB 699 |
| |
15MnVB | GB 3077 |
| ||
40Cr |
| |||
9 8 | 35 | GB 699 |
| |
45 |
| |||
40Cr | GB 3077 |
| ||
墊圈 | 300HV | 45，35 | GB 699 | 所有規格 |
注：① 9.8級僅适用于螺紋直徑不大于16mm的規格。 ② 供貨時，材料檢驗的回火溫度應符合GB 3098.1的有關規定。 | ||||
3.3 使用組合
高強度螺栓、螺母、墊圈的性能等級使用組合應按表2的規定執行，其使用要求見附錄A(參考件）。
表2 螺栓、螺母、墊圈的性能等級使用組合
螺栓性能等級 | 12.9 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 8.8 | |
螺母性能等級 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
墊圈性能等級 | 300HV | ||||
适用規格範圍 | 所有規格 | ≤M16 | ＞M16 ≤M39 | 所有規格 | |
3.4 尺寸精度要求
3.4.1本标準的螺栓、螺母的精度等級為B級，墊圈為C級。其它精度等級的尺寸公差和形位公差，由用戶按GB 3103.1及GB 3103.3的規定選取，最低不應低于C級。
3.4.2螺栓、螺母的螺紋及公差應符合下列要求：
a.螺紋的基本尺寸按GB 196的規定。螺栓和螺母螺紋的公差按GB 197規定的6 g級和6H級；
b.螺紋牙側的表面粗糙度不低于Ra12.5。
3.4.3螺栓、螺母和墊圈的其它尺寸公差及形位公差應符合GB 3103.l和GB 3103.3的C級精度的規定。
3.4.4螺栓的末端按GB 2的規定制造。
3.5 機械性能要求
3.5.1螺栓
3.5.1.1螺栓的機械性能，在常溫下進行試驗時應符合表3的規定。
其中楔負載強度（不包括螺柱）的數值不得小于σbmin；頭部堅固性要求在頭部及杆與頭部交接處不應產生任何裂紋。
表3 螺栓的機械性能
機械性能 | 性能等級 | ||||
8.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | ||
抗拉強度σb N/mm2 | 公稱 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1200 |
min | 830 | 900 | 1040 | 1220 | |
維氏硬度 HV30 | min | 250 | 290 | 320 | 385 |
max | 320 | 336 | 380 | 435 | |
洛氏硬度 HRC | min | 22 | 28 | 32 | 39 |
max | 34 | 37 | 39 | 44 | |
屈服強度σ0.2 N/mm2 | 公稱 | 640 | 720 | 900 | 1080 |
min | 660 | 720 | 940 | 1100 | |
保證應力Sp N/mm2 | 600 | 660 | 930 | 970 | |
伸長率δ | min | 12% | 10% | 9% | 8% |
沖擊吸收功Aku, J | min | 30 | 25 | 20 | 15 |
螺紋未脫碳層的最小高度 E |
|
|
| ||
全脫碳層的最小深度 G，mm | 0.015 | ||||
注：① 9.8級僅适用于螺紋直徑不大于16mm的規格。 ② 沖擊吸收功Aku試驗試祥按GB 229中圖A1的試樣制作。 ③ H1螺紋實際牙高。 | |||||
3.5.1.2當按表4及表5的最小拉力載荷進行楔負載試驗時，斷裂應發生在螺紋部分或螺紋與杆部交接處。
表4 粗牙螺栓的最小拉力載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | |||
8.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | |||
mm | mm2 | 最小拉力載荷（As×σb ），N | ||||
12 | 1.75 | 84.3 | 70000 | 75900 | 87700 | 102000 |
14 | 2 | 115 | 95500 | 104000 | 120000 | 140000 |
16 | 2 | 157 | 130000 | 141000 | 163000 | 192000 |
18 | 2.5 | 192 | 159000 | / | 200000 | 234000 |
20 | 2.5 | 245 | 203000 | / | 255000 | 299000 |
22 | 2.5 | 303 | 251000 | / | 315000 | 370000 |
24 | 3 | 353 | 293000 | / | 367000 | 431000 |
27 | 3 | 459 | 381000 | / | 477000 | 560000 |
30 | 3.5 | 561 | 466000 | / | 583000 | 684000 |
33 | 3.5 | 694 | 576000 | / | 722000 | 847000 |
36 | 4 | 817 | 678000 | / | 850000 | 997000 |
39 | 4 | 976 | 810000 | / | 1020000 | 1190000 |
42 | 4.5 | 1120 |
|
| / | / |
注：① d為螺紋規格（公稱直徑）。
② P為螺距。
③ As為公稱應力截面積。
④ 螺紋規格d為42mm的最小拉力載荷，由供需雙方協商。
⑤ 以下各表同。
表5 粗牙螺栓的最小拉力載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | |||
8.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | |||
mm | mm2 | 最小拉力載荷（As×σb ），N | ||||
12 | 1.25 | 92.1 | 73700 | 82900 | 95800 | 112000 |
12 | 1.5 | 88.1 | 70500 | 79300 | 91600 | 107000 |
14 | 1.5 | 125 | 100000 | 112000 | 130000 | 152000 |
16 | 1.5 | 167 | 134000 | 150000 | 174000 | 204000 |
18 | 1.5 | 216 | 179000 | / | 225000 | 264000 |
20 | 1.5 | 272 | 226000 | / | 283000 | 332000 |
20 | 2 | 258 | 214000 | / | 269000 | 315000 |
22 | 1.5 | 333 | 276000 | / | 346000 | 406000 |
22 | 2 | 318 | 263000 | / | 330000 | 388000 |
24 | 2 | 384 | 319000 | / | 399000 | 468000 |
27 | 2 | 496 | 412000 | / | 516000 | 605000 |
30 | 2 | 621 | 515000 | / | 646000 | 758000 |
33 | 2 | 761 | 632000 | / | 791000 | 928000 |
36 | 3 | 865 | 718000 | / | 900000 | 1060000 |
39 | 3 | 1030 | 855000 | / | 1070000 | 1260000 |
42 | 3 | 1194 | / | / | / | / |
3.5.1.3當按表6及表7的保證載荷進行螺栓試驗時，施加載荷後的永久伸長量（包括測量誤差）不應大于12.5μm。
表6 粗牙螺栓的保證載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | |||
8.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | |||
mm | mm2 | 保證載荷（As×SP ），N | ||||
12 | 1.75 | 84.3 | 50700 | 55600 | 70000 | 81800 |
14 | 2 | 115 | 68800 | 75900 | 95400 | 112000 |
16 | 2 | 157 | 94500 | 104000 | 130000 | 152000 |
18 | 2.5 | 192 | 115000 | / | 159000 | 186000 |
20 | 2.5 | 245 | 147000 | / | 203000 | 238000 |
22 | 2.5 | 303 | 182000 | / | 251000 | 294000 |
24 | 3 | 353 | 212000 | / | 293000 | 342000 |
27 | 3 | 459 | 275000 | / | 381000 | 445000 |
30 | 3.5 | 561 | 337000 | / | 466000 | 544000 |
33 | 3.5 | 694 | 416000 | / | 576000 | 673000 |
36 | 4 | 817 | 490000 | / | 678000 | 792000 |
39 | 4 | 976 | 586000 | / | 810000 | 947000 |
42 | 4.5 | 1120 | / | / | / | / |
注：d=42mm的保證載荷，由供需雙方協商。 | ||||||
表7 細牙螺栓的保證載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | |||
8.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | |||
mm | mm2 | 保證載荷（As×Sp ），N | ||||
12 | 1.25 | 92.1 | 53400 | 60800 | 76400 | 89300 |
12 | 1.5 | 88.1 | 51100 | 58100 | 73100 | 85500 |
14 | 1.5 | 125 | 72500 | 82500 | 104000 | 121000 |
16 | 1.5 | 167 | 96900 | 110000 | 139000 | 162000 |
18 | 1.5 | 216 | 130000 | / | 179000 | 210000 |
20 | 1.5 | 272 | 163000 | / | 226000 | 264000 |
20 | 2 | 258 | 155000 | / | 215000 | 250000 |
22 | 1.5 | 333 | 200000 | / | 276000 | 323000 |
22 | 2 | 318 | 191000 | / | 268000 | 309000 |
24 | 2 | 384 | 230000 | / | 319000 | 372000 |
27 | 2 | 496 | 298000 | / | 412000 | 481000 |
30 | 2 | 621 | 373000 | / | 515000 | 602000 |
33 | 2 | 761 | 457000 | / | 632000 | 738000 |
36 | 3 | 865 | 519000 | / | 718000 | 839000 |
39 | 3 | 1030 | 618000 | / | 835000 | 999000 |
42 | 3 | 1194 | / | / | / | / |
注：d=42mm的保證載荷，由供需雙方協商。 | ||||||
3.5.2螺母
3.5.2.1粗牙螺母
粗牙螺母的機械性能，在常溫下進行試驗時，應符合表8的規定。
表8 粗牙螺母的機械性能
性能等級 | D | Sp | 維氏硬度 HV | 洛氏硬度 HRC | ||
mm | N/mm2 | min | max | min | max | |
8 | ≥12~16 | 840 | 206 | 302 | / | 30 |
＞16~39 | 920 | 233 | 353 | / | 38 | |
＞39 | / | 207 | ||||
9 | ≥12~16 | 950 | 206 | 302 | / | 30 |
＞16~39 | 920 | |||||
＞39 | / | / | / | / | / | |
10 | ≥12~16 | 1050 | 272 | 353 | 28 | 38 |
＞16~39 | 1060 | |||||
＞39 | / | |||||
12 | ≥12~16 | 1190 | 272 | 353 | 28 | 38 |
＞16~39 | 1200 | |||||
＞39 | / | / | / | / | / | |
注：① D為螺紋規格，當D等于或小于27mm時，必須做保載試驗。當D大于27mm時，凡不能做保載試驗的，應供需雙方同意，必須保證最低硬度 ② Sp為保證應力。 | ||||||
3.5.2.2細牙螺母
細牙螺母的機械性能，在常溫下進行試驗時，應符合表9的規定。
表9細牙螺母的機械性能
性能等級 | D | 1型螺母 | 2型螺母 | ||||
Sp | 維氏硬度 HV | Sp | 維氏硬度 HV | ||||
mm | N/mm2 | min | max | N/mm2 | min | max | |
8 | ≥12~16 | 935 | 250 | 353 | 890 | 195 | 302 |
＞16~33 | 1030 | 295 | / | / | / | ||
＞33~42 | 1090 | 295 | / | / | / | ||
9 | ≥12~16 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
＞16~33 | |||||||
＞33~42 | |||||||
10 | ≥12~16 | 1110 | 295 | 353 | 1055 | 250 | 353 |
＞16~33 | / | / | / | 1080 | 260 | ||
＞33~42 | / | / | / | 1080 | 260 | ||
12 | ≥12~16 | / | / | / | 1200 | 295 | 353 |
＞16~33 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
＞33~42 | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
注：① 螺母的熱處理由制造者确定。 ② 表中“/”者、性能由制造廠與用戶商定。 | |||||||
3.5.2.3當按表10及表11的保證載荷對螺母進行試驗時，螺母不得脫扣或斷裂。
表10 粗牙螺母的保證載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | |||
8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | |||
mm | mm2 | 保證載荷（As×Sp ），N | ||||
12 | 1.75 | 84.3 | 70800 | 80100 | 88500 | 100000 |
14 | 2 | 116 | 96600 | 109000 | 121000 | 139000 |
16 | 2 | 157 | 132000 | 149000 | 165000 | 187000 |
18 | 2.5 | 192 | 177000 | 177000 | 204000 | 230000 |
20 | 2.5 | 245 | 225000 | 225000 | 260000 | 294000 |
22 | 2.5 | 303 | 279000 | 279000 | 321000 | 364000 |
24 | 3 | 353 | 325000 | 325000 | 374000 | 424000 |
27 | 3 | 459 | 422000 | 422000 | 437000 | 551000 |
30 | 3.5 | 561 | 516000 | 516000 | 595000 | 673000 |
33 | 3.5 | 694 | 638000 | 638000 | 735000 | 833000 |
36 | 4 | 817 | 752000 | 752000 | 866000 | 980000 |
39 | 4 | 976 | 898000 | 898000 | 1030000 | 1170000 |
42 | 4.5 | 1120 | / | / | / | / |
注：D=42mm的保證載荷，由供需雙方協商。 | ||||||
表11 細牙螺母的保證載荷
d | P | As | 性能等級 | ||||
8 | 10 | 12 | |||||
1型 | 2型 | 1型 | 2型 |
| |||
mm | mm2 | 保證載荷（As×Sp ），N | |||||
12 | 1.25 | 92.1 | 86100 | 82000 | 102000 | 97200 | 111000 |
12 | 1.5 | 88.1 | 82400 | 78400 | 97800 | 92900 | 106000 |
14 | 1.5 | 125 | 117000 | 111000 | 139000 | 132000 | 150000 |
16 | 1.5 | 167 | 156000 | 149000 | 185000 | 176000 | 200000 |
18 | 1.5 | 215 | 221000 | / | / | 232000 | / |
20 | 1.5 | 272 | 280000 | / | / | 294000 | / |
20 | 2 | 258 | 266000 | / | / | 279000 | / |
22 | 1.5 | 333 | 343000 | / | / | 360000 | / |
22 | 2 | 318 | 238000 | / | / | 343000 | / |
24 | 2 | 384 | 396000 | / | / | 415000 | / |
27 | 2 | 496 | 511000 | / | / | 536000 | / |
30 | 2 | 621 | 640000 | / | / | 671000 | / |
33 | 2 | 761 | 784000 | / | / | 822000 | / |
36 | 3 | 865 | 943000 | / | / | 934000 | / |
39 | 3 | 1030 | 1120000 | / | / | 1110000 | / |
42 | 3 | 1194 | / | / | / | / | / |
注：① 9級螺母，直徑≤16mm,保證載荷參照8級螺母。 ② D=42mm的保證載荷，由供需雙方協商。 | |||||||
3.5.3墊圈
墊圈的機械性能用硬度表示，墊圈的硬度為HV30329~436(HRC35~45), 标記為300 HV。
3.6表面缺陷
非破壞檢查時，螺栓、螺母和墊圈均不得有任何部位上的淬火裂縫，螺栓和螺母的支承面及其以下部位也不得有皺紋。其餘表面缺陷應按GB 5779.1~5779.3的規定執行。
3.7表面處理
螺栓、螺母和墊圈表面應根據需要進行鍍鋅、氧化、鍍鉻、磷化、鈍化等防鏽處理。鍍鋅處理後，需按GB 5267進行去氫處理。
4.1螺栓的機加工試件的拉力試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.1條及GB 228對機加工試件進行拉力試驗。
4.2螺栓的實物拉力試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.2條及GB 228對實物進行拉力試驗。
4.3螺栓的硬度試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.3條及GB 4340(維氏硬度）、GB 231(布氏硬度）、GB 230(洛氏硬度）進行硬度試驗。
4.4螺栓的保證載荷試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.4條進行螺栓的保證載荷試驗。
4.5螺栓及内六角圓柱頭螺釘的楔負載試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.5條進行螺栓、螺釘的楔負載試驗。
4.6螺栓、螺釘頭部堅固性試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.7條進行頭部堅固性試驗。
4.7螺栓的脫碳試驗
按GB 3098.1中8.8條進行脫碳試驗。
4.8螺栓的再回火試驗
按GB 3098.1中的8.9條進行再回火試驗。
4.9螺母的保證載荷試驗
按GB 3098.2中8.1條進行螺母的保證載荷試驗。
4.10螺母的硬度試驗
按GB 3098.2中8.2條進行螺母的硬度試驗。
4.11墊圈的硬度試驗
按GB 230進行墊圈硬度試驗。如有争議，按GB 4340進行維氏硬度(HV30) 試驗、仲裁。
Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
Self-tappingscrew connections - Specification ofthepilotholediameterand tighteningtorque
Composite sealing gasket material
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Part 1 : Classification, determination and estimation
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Part 2: Guiding values for the corrosivity categories
Steel wire ropes for general purposes
Specifications for spring washers - Conical spring washers
Specifications for retaining rings-Circlips
Hot formed helical compression springs - Technical Requirement
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 1: Extension spring
Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 2: Compressions spring
Specification For Wire Thread Inserts
General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product
Fasteners - General requirements for bolts,screws,studs and nuts
24° Cone Connectors - Specification
Flared couplings - Specification
Specification of metallic ring-joint gaskets for steel pipe flanges
Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
Specification of gauges for general purpose screw threads
Fasteners - Marking and packaging
Plain Washers for Bolts, Screws and Nuts - General Plan
Fasteners - Surface discontinuities - Bolts, screws and studs for general requirements
Fasteners-Surface discontinuities - Nuts
Fasteners - Surface discontinuities - Bolts, screws and studs for special requirements
Technical requirements for anchors
Specifications For Drive Rivets
Technical requirement for sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain washer for steel structures
Specifications for parts and units of jigs and fixtures
Grease nipples and lubricating cups technical specification
Oil level indicators technical specification
Counterbores for hexagon socket head and slotted cheese head screws
Procurement Specification For Self-Locking Nuts
Specification for tab washer
Specifications for pins
Spcifications for ring - Cutting rings
Technical requirements of malleable cast iron pipe fittings
Fasteners - Part 27: Steel screws, bolts and studs made of steel with pre-adhesive coating - Technical specifications
metal washers; technical delivery conditions
Steel flat products; Hot rolled plate 3 to 150 mm thick; Permissible deviations of dimension, weight and form
Flat products of steel; cold rolled steel strip; dimensions, tolerances on dimensions and form.
Commercial vehicles - Wheel-hub attachment dimensions
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Guiding values for the corrosivity categories
Tools for pressing - Elastomer pressure springs - Part 2: Specification of accessories
Hydraulic fluid power - Two-, three- and four-port screw-in cartridge valves - Cavities
Cold heading dies for fasteners - Specifications
Specification of Stamping Die Components
Specifications for parts and units of jigs and fixtures
Internal combustion engines - Cylinder head and flywheel nuts - Specifications
Timber structures - Dowel-type fasteners - Requirements
Aerospace series - Bolts, MJ threads, in heat resisting nickel base alloy NI-PH2601 (Inconel 718) - Classification: 1275 MPa (at ambient temperature)/650 °C - Technical specification
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Flanges and their joints - Bolting - Part 3: Classification of bolt materials for steel flanges, class designated
Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
Flanges and their joints - bolting - Part 2: Classification of bolt materials for steel flanges, PN designated
Flanges and their joints - bolting - Part 1: Selection of bolting
Aerospace series - Inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self locking - Technical specification
Aerospace series - Inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self-locking - Assembly procedure
Specification for Selection of Steel Pipe Flanges , Gaskets and Bolting (PN designated)
Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
Mechanical fixation component for waterproofing membrane roofing
Fastenersart - Standard - Cap Screws, Hex Bolts, and Hex Nuts
Steel Self-Drilling Tapping Screws
Technical conditions for threaded fasteners with adhesive coating-Part 1: Microencapsulated locking coating
Technical condions for threaded fasteners with adhesive coating-Part 2: Polyamlde locking coating
Technical Supply Conditions For Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part 1 General Requirements For Bolts, Screws And Studs
General data for machine screws and tapping screws
Plain nuts and slotted nuts - Part 1: General specification
Disc springs - Calculation
