3.1 材料、熱處理和表面處理按表1規定。
表1
材料 | 熱處理 | 表面處理 | ||
種類 | 牌号 | 标準号 | ||
彈簧鋼 | 材料牌号由 | GB/T 1222 | 淬火并回火 | 電鍍技術要求按 GB/T 5267.1； |
YB/T 5063 | ||||
其他标準 | ||||
1. 墊圈電鍍後，需立即進行驅氫處理。 | ||||
3.2 永久變形
應對錐形彈性墊圈施加表中規定的試驗載荷, 保持2 min。
錐形彈性墊圈自由高度(壓力試驗後的高度)應不低于表2規定的數值。
表2 永久變形試驗
規格（螺栓公稱直徑） | 試驗載荷 | 最小自由高度 | |
GB/T 956.3 | GB/T 9074.31a | ||
2 | 0.92 | 0.5 | / |
2.5 | 1.54 | 0.6 | 0.61 |
3 | 2.35 | 0.7 | 0.72 |
3.5 | 3.16 | 0.9 | 0.92 |
4 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 1.12 |
5 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 1.35 |
6 | 10.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
7 | 14.8 | 2 | / |
8 | 18.6 | 2.2 | 2.24 |
10 | 29.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
12 | 43 | 3.4 | 3.43 |
14 | 59.1 | 4 | / |
16 | 80.9 | 4.6 | / |
18 | 102 | 5.1 | / |
20 | 130 | 5.6 | / |
22 | 162 | 6.1 | / |
24 | 188 | 6.8 | / |
27 | 246 | 7.8 | / |
30 | 300 | 8 | / |
a. 對螺釘組合件用墊圈的偏差, 按相應產品标準的規定。在相應產品标準中以螺紋規格代替内徑作為公稱規格。 | |||
3.3 持續載荷
将10個錐形彈性墊圈方向交替地穿在螺栓上, 用平墊圈将各錐形彈性墊圈相互隔開。平墊圈的硬度應大于500 HV。施加表2規定的試驗載荷、溫度為100℃ 的狀态下保持48 h。錐形彈性墊圈不應有裂痕，試驗後自由高度的減小量不應大于表2規定值的2%。
3.4 彈性
為評定錐形彈性墊圈的彈力應進行彈性試驗。本試驗規定了允許的殘餘彈力。
将墊圈試件置于試驗裝置上, 施加表2規定的試驗載荷。試驗裝置在施加載荷時盡可能不產生變形。壓闆表面硬度不小于60 HRC。試驗載荷持續2 min後，緩慢、平穩地卸載至錐形彈性墊圈產生20μm位移。該位移應采用精确的測量裝置進行測量。產生20μm位移後的殘餘彈力應達到表3規定的數值。應允許試驗裝置的變形。
表3 最小殘餘彈力
規格（螺栓公稱直徑）a | 試驗載荷 b | 最小殘餘彈力 |
4 | 4.4 | 1.4 |
5 | 7.2 | 2.3 |
6 | 10.2 | 4.2 |
7 | 14.8 | 6.2 |
8 | 18.6 | 7.7 |
10 | 29.6 | 12.4 |
12 | 43 | 18 |
14 | 59.1 | 25 |
16 | 80.9 | 34 |
18 | 102 | 57 |
20 | 130 | 73 |
22 | 162 | 91 |
24 | 188 | 122 |
27 | 246 | 161 |
30 | 300 | 196 |
a. 對螺釘組合件用墊圈的偏差，按相應產品标準的規定。在相應產品标準中以螺紋規格代替内徑作為公稱規格。 b. 該試驗載荷相當于8.8級,μG =0.12。 | ||
表4 殘餘彈力
墊圈類型 | 标準 | 試驗載荷 對應的性能等級 | 20μm位移後殘餘彈力 |
錐形彈性墊圈 | GB/T 956.3 | 8.8 | 對規格4~5：35% |
GB/T 9074.31 |
4.1 彈性墊圈尺寸與表面處理技術要求應按合格質量水平AQL=1.5 ( GB/T 90.1 )進行驗收檢查：内徑、厚度、自由高度、外徑、同軸度。
4.2.2 維氏硬度試驗應按GB/T 4340.1的規定；洛氏硬度試驗應按GB/T 230.1的規定；硬度試驗應盡可能在墊圈表面中間處實施。如有争議，應使用維氏硬度進行仲裁試驗。
Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
Self-tappingscrew connections - Specification ofthepilotholediameterand tighteningtorque
Composite sealing gasket material
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Part 1 : Classification, determination and estimation
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Part 2: Guiding values for the corrosivity categories
Steel wire ropes for general purposes
Specifications for retaining rings-Circlips
Hot formed helical compression springs - Technical Requirement
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 1: Extension spring
Cold coiled helical springs technical specifications - Part 2: Compressions spring
Specification For Wire Thread Inserts
General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product
Fasteners - General requirements for bolts,screws,studs and nuts
24° Cone Connectors - Specification
Flared couplings - Specification
Specification of metallic ring-joint gaskets for steel pipe flanges
Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
Specification of gauges for general purpose screw threads
Fasteners - Marking and packaging
Plain Washers for Bolts, Screws and Nuts - General Plan
Fasteners - Surface discontinuities - Bolts, screws and studs for general requirements
Fasteners-Surface discontinuities - Nuts
Fasteners - Surface discontinuities - Bolts, screws and studs for special requirements
Technical requirements for anchors
Specifications For Drive Rivets
Technical requirement for sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain washer for steel structures
Specifications for parts and units of jigs and fixtures
Grease nipples and lubricating cups technical specification
Oil level indicators technical specification
Counterbores for hexagon socket head and slotted cheese head screws
Procurement Specification For Self-Locking Nuts
Specification for tab washer
Specifications for pins
Spcifications for ring - Cutting rings
Technical requirements of malleable cast iron pipe fittings
Fasteners - Part 27: Steel screws, bolts and studs made of steel with pre-adhesive coating - Technical specifications
metal washers; technical delivery conditions
Steel flat products; Hot rolled plate 3 to 150 mm thick; Permissible deviations of dimension, weight and form
Flat products of steel; cold rolled steel strip; dimensions, tolerances on dimensions and form.
Commercial vehicles - Wheel-hub attachment dimensions
Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Guiding values for the corrosivity categories
Tools for pressing - Elastomer pressure springs - Part 2: Specification of accessories
Hydraulic fluid power - Two-, three- and four-port screw-in cartridge valves - Cavities
Cold heading dies for fasteners - Specifications
Specification of Stamping Die Components
Specifications for parts and units of jigs and fixtures
Internal combustion engines - Cylinder head and flywheel nuts - Specifications
Timber structures - Dowel-type fasteners - Requirements
Aerospace series - Bolts, MJ threads, in heat resisting nickel base alloy NI-PH2601 (Inconel 718) - Classification: 1275 MPa (at ambient temperature)/650 °C - Technical specification
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
Flanges and their joints - Bolting - Part 3: Classification of bolt materials for steel flanges, class designated
Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
Flanges and their joints - bolting - Part 2: Classification of bolt materials for steel flanges, PN designated
Flanges and their joints - bolting - Part 1: Selection of bolting
Aerospace series - Inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self locking - Technical specification
Aerospace series - Inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self-locking - Assembly procedure
Specification for Selection of Steel Pipe Flanges , Gaskets and Bolting (PN designated)
Alloy and Carbon Steel Bolting for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
Mechanical fixation component for waterproofing membrane roofing
Construction machinery and equipment Specification of high strength fasteners
Fastenersart - Standard - Cap Screws, Hex Bolts, and Hex Nuts
Steel Self-Drilling Tapping Screws
Technical conditions for threaded fasteners with adhesive coating-Part 1: Microencapsulated locking coating
Technical condions for threaded fasteners with adhesive coating-Part 2: Polyamlde locking coating
Technical Supply Conditions For Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part 1 General Requirements For Bolts, Screws And Studs
General data for machine screws and tapping screws
Plain nuts and slotted nuts - Part 1: General specification
Disc springs - Calculation
