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3.1 應力截面積的計算,見下面公式,如無特殊要求,取3位有效數字。
或 As = 0.7854(d-0.9382P)2
式中:As ——螺紋的應力面積,mm2;
d——外螺紋大徑的基本尺寸,mm;
d2——螺紋中徑的基本尺寸,mm;
d3——螺紋小徑的基本尺寸(d1)減去螺紋原始三角形高度(H)的1/6值,即:mm;
H——螺紋原始三角形高度(H = 0.866025P),mm;
P——螺距,mm;
π——圓周率,π= 3.1416。
3.2 應力截面積值
對粗牙螺紋M1~M68(GB 193)、細牙螺紋M8×1~M130×6(GB 193)的應力截面積(As)值,如下表所示。
粗牙螺紋 | 細牙螺紋 | ||||
螺紋直徑d mm | 螺距P mm | 應力截面積AS mm2 | 螺紋直徑d mm | 螺距P mm | 應力截面積AS mm2 |
1 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 8 | 1 | 39.2 |
1.1 | 0.25 | 0.588 | 10 | 1 | 64.5 |
1.2 | 0.25 | 0.732 | 10 | 1.25 | 61.2 |
1.4 | 0.3 | 0.983 | 12 | 1.25 | 92.1 |
1.6 | 0.35 | 1.27 | 12 | 1.5 | 88.1 |
1.8 | 0.35 | 1.7 | 14 | 1.5 | 125 |
2 | 0.4 | 2.07 | 16 | 1.5 | 167 |
2.2 | 0.45 | 2.48 | 18 | 1.5 | 216 |
2.5 | 0.45 | 3.39 | 20 | 1.5 | 272 |
3 | 0.5 | 5.03 | 20 | 2 | 258 |
3.5 | 0.6 | 6.78 | 22 | 1.5 | 333 |
4 | 0.7 | 8.78 | 24 | 2 | 384 |
4.5 | 0.75 | 11.3 | 27 | 2 | 496 |
5 | 0.8 | 14.2 | 30 | 2 | 621 |
6 | 1 | 20.1 | 33 | 2 | 761 |
7 | 1 | 28.9 | 36 | 3 | 865 |
8 | 1.25 | 36.6 | 39 | 3 | 1030 |
10 | 1.5 | 58 | 45 | 3 | 1400 |
12 | 1.75 | 84.3 | 52 | 4 | 1830 |
14 | 2 | 115 | 56 | 4 | 2144 |
16 | 2 | 157 | 60 | 4 | 2490 |
18 | 2.5 | 192 | 64 | 4 | 2851 |
20 | 2.5 | 245 | 72 | 6 | 3460 |
22 | 2.5 | 303 | 76 | 6 | 3890 |
24 | 3 | 353 | 80 | 6 | 4340 |
27 | 3 | 459 | 85 | 6 | 4950 |
30 | 3.5 | 581 | 90 | 6 | 5590 |
33 | 3.5 | 694 | 95 | 6 | 6270 |
36 | 4 | 817 | 100 | 6 | 7000 |
39 | 4 | 976 | 105 | 6 | 7760 |
42 | 4.5 | 1120 | 110 | 6 | 8560 |
45 | 4.5 | 1310 | 115 | 6 | 9390 |
48 | 5 | 1470 | 120 | 6 | 10300 |
52 | 5 | 1760 | 125 | 6 | 11200 |
56 | 5.5 | 2030 | 130 | 6 | 12100 |
60 | 5.5 | 2360 |
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| |
64 | 6 | 2680 |
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| |
68 | 6 | 3060 |
4.1 承載面積的計算涉及眾多因素,如緊固件的支承面形狀、尺寸、螺栓和螺釘通孔的大小、有無墊圈面或墊圈等。常用支承面形狀的計算公式,如下表所示。如無特殊要求,取3位有效數字。
支承面的形狀 | 承載面積的計算公式 |
圓 形 | |
六角形 | |
方 形 | |
注:Ab1——圓形支承面的承載面積,mm2; Ab2——六角形支承面的承載面積,mm2; Ab3——方形支承面的承載面積,mm2; dw——支承面或墊圈面直徑,mm2,見GB 5276; S——六角或方形的對邊寬度,mm,見GB 5276; dh——螺栓或螺釘通孔直徑,mm,按GB 5277選取; π——圓周率,π=3.1416。 |
4.2 典型的螺紋緊固件的承載面積(Ab)值及承載面積(Ab)與應力截面積(As)之比(Ab/As以下簡稱面積比),如下圖及表3~表5所示。
表3
螺紋緊固件 | 螺栓或螺釘 通孔直徑dh mm | 面積比 Ab/As | |||
種類 | 對邊寬度S mm | 墊圈面 | 螺紋公稱直徑d mm | ||
六角頭螺栓 | 标準系列 | 無 | 3~80 | 按GB 5277 (無内倒角)或 GB 152.2~152.4 | 見表4 |
有 | |||||
加大系列 | 有 | 12~39 | |||
無 | |||||
内六角螺釘 | / | 無 | 1.6~36 | 見表5 | |
方頭螺栓 | 标準系列 | 無 | 10~48 | ||
六角法蘭面螺栓 | 标準系列 | 無 | 5~16 | ||
盤頭螺釘 | / | 無 | 1.6~10 | ||
注: 1. 六角頭螺栓的标準系列、加大系列,按GB 3104選取;方頭螺栓按GB 8選取;内六角螺釘,按GB 70,選取,六角法蘭面螺栓,桉GB 5787選取,盤頭嫘釘,按GB 67或GB 818選取。 2. 當螺母支承面的形狀、尺寸與表中六角頭螺栓、方頭螺栓、六角法蘭面螺栓相同時,表4和表5也适用于該螺母。 |
表4
螺紋規格 | 螺栓或 螺釘通孔直徑dh mm | 六角頭螺栓的承載面積與應力面積之比 | ||||||||||||
六角标準系列 | 六角墊圈面标準系列 | 六角加大系列 | 六角墊圈面加大系列 | |||||||||||
粗牙 | 細牙 | 對邊寬度 S mm | 承載面積 Ab2 mm2 | 面積比 Ab2/AS | 支承面 直徑 dw=0.95S mm | 承載面積 Ab1 mm2 | 面積比 Ab1/AS | 對邊寬度 S mm | 承載面積 Ab2 mm2 | 面積比 Ab2/AS | 支承面 直徑 dw=0.95S mm | 承載面積 Ab1 mm2 | 面積比 Ab1/AS | |
M3 | / | 3.4 | 5.5 | 17.1 | 3.4 | 5.22 | 12.3 | 2.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M4 | / | 4.5 | 7 | 26.5 | 3 | 6.65 | 18.8 | 2.1 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M5 | / | 5.5 | 8 | 31.7 | 2.2 | 7.6 | 21.6 | 1.5 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M6 | / | 6.6 | 10 | 52.4 | 2.6 | 9.5 | 36.7 | 1.8 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M7 | / | 7.6 | 11 | 59.4 | 2.1 | 10.45 | 40.4 | 1.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M8 | M8×1 | 9 | 13 | 82.7 | 2.3(2.1) | 12.35 | 56.2 | 1.5(1.4) | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M10 | M10×1.25 | 11 | 16 | 127 | 2.2(2.1) | 15.2 | 86.4 | 1.5(1.4) | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M12 | M12×1.25 | 13.5 | 18 | 137 | 1.6(1.5) | 17.1 | 86.5 | 1(0.94) | 21 | 239 | 2.8 | 19.95 | 169 | 2 |
M14 | M14×1.5 | 15.5 | 21 | 193 | 1.7(1.5) | 19.95 | 124 | 1.1(0.99) | 24 | 310 | 2.7 | 22.8 | 220 | 1.9 |
M16 | M16×1.5 | 17.5 | 24 | 258 | 1.6(1.5) | 22.8 | 168 | 1.1(1.0) | 27 | 391 | 2.5 | 25.65 | 276 | 1.8 |
M18 | M18×1.5 | 20 | 27 | 317 | 1.7(1.5) | 25.65 | 203 | 1.1(0.94) | 30 | 461 | 2.4 | 28.5 | 324 | 1.7 |
M20 | M20×1.5 | 22 | 30 | 399 | 1.6(1.5) | 28.5 | 258 | 1.1(0.95) | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M20 | M20×1.5 | 22 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 34 | 621 | 2.5 | 32.3 | 439 | 1.8 |
M22 | M22×1.5 | 24 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 36 | 670 | 2.2 | 34.2 | 466 | 1.5 |
M22 | M22×1.5 | 24 | 34 | 549 | 1.8(1.6) | 32.3 | 367 | 1.2(1.1) | / | / | / | / | / | / |
M24 | M24×2 | 26 | 36 | 591 | 1.7(1.5) | 34.2 | 388 | 1.1(1.0) | 41 | 925 | 2.6 | 38.95 | 661 | 1.9 |
M27 | M27×2 | 30 | 41 | 749 | 1.6(1.5) | 38.95 | 485 | 1.1(0.98) | 46 | 1130 | 2.5 | 43.7 | 793 | 1.7 |
M30 | M30×2 | 33 | 46 | 977 | 1.7(1.6) | 43.7 | 645 | 1.1(1.1) | 50 | 1310 | 2.3 | 47.5 | 917 | 1.6 |
M33 | M33×2 | 36 | 50 | 1150 | 1.7(1.5) | 47.5 | 754 | 1.1(0.99) | 55 | 1600 | 2.3 | 52.25 | 1130 | 1.6 |
M36 | M36×3 | 39 | 55 | 1430 | 1.8(1.7) | 52.25 | 950 | 1.2(1.1) | 60 | 1920 | 2.4 | 57 | 1360 | 1.7 |
M39 | M39×3 | 42 | 60 | 1730 | 1.8(1.7) | 57 | 1170 | 1.2(1.1) | 65 | 2270 | 2.3 | 61.75 | 1610 | 1.6 |
M42 | / | 45 | 65 | 2070 | 1.8 |
| ||||||||
M45 | / | 48 | 70 | 2430 | 1.9 | |||||||||
M48 | / | 52 | 75 | 2750 | 1.9 | |||||||||
M52 | / | 56 | 80 | 3080 | 1.8 | |||||||||
M56 | / | 62 | 85 | 3240 | 1.6 | |||||||||
M60 | / | 66 | 90 | 3590 | 1.5 | |||||||||
M64 | / | 70 | 95 | 3970 | 1.5 | |||||||||
M68 | / | 74 | 100 | 4360 | 1.4 | |||||||||
/ | M72×6 | 78 | 105 | 4770 | (1.4) | |||||||||
/ | M76×6 | 82 | 110 | 5200 | (1.3) | |||||||||
/ | M80×6 | 86 | 115 | 5640 | (1.3) | |||||||||
注: 1. 螺栓或螺釘通孔直徑dh,按GB 5277中等裝配系列(無内倒角)的基本尺寸選取; 2. 對邊寬度S,見六角支承面圖,按GB 3104的基本尺寸選取; 3. 墊圈面直徑dw,見六角墊圈面圖,按dw=0.95S計算; 4. 括号内的面積比(Ab/AS)适用于細牙螺紋。 |
表5
螺紋 規格 | 螺栓或螺釘 通孔直徑dh mm | 螺栓及螺釘的承載面積與應力截面積之比 | |||||||||||
内六角螺釘 | 方頭螺栓 | 六角法蘭面螺栓 | 盤頭螺釘 | ||||||||||
支承面 直徑dw mm | 承載面積 Ab1 mm2 | 面積比 Ab1/As | 對邊 寬度S mm
| 承載面積 Ab3 mm2 | 面積比 Ab3/As | 支承面 直徑dw mm | 承載面積 Ab1 mm2 | 面積比 Ab1/As | 支承面 直徑dw mm | 承載面積 Ab1 mm2 | 面積比 Ab1/As | ||
M1.6 | 1.8 | 2.72 | 3.27 | 2.57 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 3.2 | 5.5 | 4.3 |
M2 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.56 | 2.2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 4 | 8.04 | 3.9 |
M2.5 | 2.9 | 4.18 | 7.12 | 2.1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 5 | 13 | 3.8 |
M3 | 3.4 | 5.07 | 11.11 | 2.21 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 5.6 | 15.6 | 3.1 |
M4 | 4.5 | 6.53 | 17.59 | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 8 | 34.4 | 3.9 |
M5 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 30.35 | 2.14 | / | / | / | 9.4 | 45.64 | 3.2 | 9.5 | 47.1 | 3.3 |
M6 | 6.6 | 9.38 | 34.89 | 1.74 | / | / | / | 11.6 | 71.47 | 3.6 | 12 | 78.9 | 3.9 |
M8 | 9 | 12.33 | 55.79 | 1.52 | / | / | / | 14.9 | 110.75 | 3 | 16 | 137 | 3.7 |
M10 | 11 | 15.33 | 89.54 | 1.54 | 16 | 161 | 2.8 | 18.7 | 179.61 | 3.1 | 20 | 219 | 3.8 |
M12 | 13.5 | 17.23 | 90.02 | 1.07 | 18 | 181 | 2.1 | 22.6 | 258.01 | 3.1 |
|
|
|
M14 | 15.5 | 20.17 | 130.83 | 1.14 | 21 | 252 | 2.2 | 26.4 | 358.7 | 3.1 | |||
M16 | 17.5 | 23.17 | 181.11 | 1.15 | 24 | 335 | 2.1 | 30.6 | 494.89 | 3.2 | |||
M18 | 20 | / | / | / | 27 | 415 | 2.2 |
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M20 | 22 | 28.87 | 274.48 | 1.12 | 30 | 520 | 2.1 | ||||||
M22 | 24 | / | / | / | 34 | 704 | 2.3 | ||||||
M24 | 26 | 34.81 | 420.77 | 1.19 | 36 | 765 | 2.2 | ||||||
M27 | 30 | / | / | / | 41 | 974 | 2.1 | ||||||
M30 | 33 | 43.61 | 638.4 | 1.14 | 46 | 1261 | 2.2 | ||||||
M33 | 36 | / | / | / | / | / | / | ||||||
M36 | 39 | / | 973.47 | 1.19 | 55 | 2170 | 2.7 | ||||||
M39 | 42 | / | / | / | / | / | / | ||||||
M42 | 45 | / | / | / | 65 | 2635 | 2.4 | ||||||
M45 | 48 | / | / | / | / | / | / | ||||||
M48 | 52 | / | / | / | 75 | 3501 | 2.4 | ||||||
M52 | 56 | / | / | / |
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注: 1. 螺栓或螺釘通孔直徑db,按GB 5277中等裝配系列(無内倒角)的基本尺寸選取; |
Taper keys of keyways
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Fasteners-Ends of parts with external thread(ISO 4753:2011, MOD)
Fasteners - Bolts, screws and studs - Nominal lengths and thread lengths (ISO 888:2012, MOD)
Countersinks for countersunk head screws
Connections with waisted stud - Tape classification
Flared couplings - Flared end
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Knurl
Drill diameter for use prior to tapping screw threads
Square and rectangular keyways
Woodruff keyways
General purpose bolts and screws - Radius under the head
Center holes
Rivet Shank Diameters (Except Blind Rivets) [ISO 1051:1999]
Countersunk flat head screws - Part2: Penetration depth of cross recesses
Offset cruciform recess fro rotary fastening devices
Clearance holes for rivets
Hot-rolled channel steel
Hexagon lobuar for fasteners - Type E
Fasteners - Clearanc holes for bolts and screws
Fasteners - Split pin holes and wire holes (ISO 7378:1983)
Countersunk head screws - Head configuration and gauging
Cross recesses for screws
Fastners - Widths across flats of hexagon products
Self-tapping screws for metric ISO threads - Part 2: Guide values for hole diameters
Thread run-outs and thread undercuts
Tapping screw connections - Guideline values for core hole diameters and use
12 point socket for bolts and screws
60° centre holes - Types R. A. B. and C
Thread rolling screws for ISO metric thread guidelinge values for hole diameters
Thread ends and lengths of projection of bolt ends for metric ISO threads according to DIN 13
Knurle
Connections for hydraulic fluid power and general use - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 metric threads and O-ring sealing - Part 1: Ports with truncated housing for O-ring
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 228-1 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 1: Threaded ports
Dimensioning and indication of knurling
Fasteners—Ends of parts with external ISO metric thread
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 228-1 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 4: Stud ends for general use only with metal-to-metal sealing (type B)
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation
General purpose bolts and screws─Metric series─Radii under the head
Rivet shank diameters
Aerospace - Spline drives - Wrenching configuration - Metric series
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 1: Threaded ports
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 2: Stud ends with elastomeric sealing (type E)
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 261 threads with elastomeric or metal-to-metal sealing - Part 3: Stud ends with metal-to-metal sealing (type B)
Connections for general use and fluid power - Ports and stud ends with ISO 725 threads and O-ring sealing - Part 3: Light-duty (L series) stud ends
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part2:Nuts
Countersunk flat hed screws—Part 2:Penetration depth of cross recesses
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part1:Bolts,screws and studs for general requirements
Fasteners—Surface discontinuities— Part3:Bolts,screw and studs for special requirements
Internal drive, offset cruciform recess (Torq-Set) for rotary fastening devices. Metric series
Fasteners—Thread undercuts for external metric ISO
Cross recessed-H type
Cross recessed-Z type
Countersunk head screws—Head configuration and guaging
Fasteners—Hexagon products—Widths across flats
Fasteners─Clearance holes for bolts and screws
Thread run-out for fasteners with thread in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262
Copper tubes of circular section - Dimensions
Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws
General purpose bolts and screws - Metric series -- Radii under the head
Straight cylindrical involute splines -- side fit -- Generalities, dimensions and inspection
Knurling
Automatic Cold Header - Hole Size
Recess Dimensions for Flat 82° Countersunk Head Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Types BF and BT Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Type D, F, G, and T Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Type TRS Tapping Screws
Standard Test-Plate Thickness and Hole Sizes for Drive-Test Inspection of Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Alternate Styles of Points for Thumb and Wing Screws
Hot rolled flat steel bars and steel wide flats for general purposes - Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions
Cold rolled uncoated and zinc or zinc-nickel electrolytically coated low carbon and high yield strength steel flat products for cold forming - Tolerances on dimensions and shape
Aerospace series - Installation holes for inserts, screw thread, helical coil, self-locking - Design standard
Countersunk head screws - Head configuration and gauging
Tapping rivats - Thread and end
Fasteners - Clearanc holes for bolts and screws
Cross Recesses For Screws
Standard Test-Plate Thickness and Hole Sizes for Drive-Test Inspection of Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Types BF and BT Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Threads and Points for Type D, F, G, and T Thread-Cutting Tapping Screws
Type TRS Tapping Screws
Dimensions of Hexagon Sockets [Table 18]
Body and grip lengths for socket head cap screws [Table 4]
Metic threads and points for tapping screws
Type BF and BT, Thread Cutting Tapping Screws [Table 7]
Type D,F,G and Type T Thread Cutting Tapping Screws [Table 8]
Aerospace series - Six lobe recess - Dimensions and tolerances
Threaded ends of fitting